鸿蒙本地数据存储实战|Preferences 封装、数据隔离与隐私合规存储方案

arkts

   /**
* 全局存储Key常量
* 统一管理Preferences所有读写字段，杜绝硬编码
* 适配测评数据、用户配置、情绪记录存储
*/
   export default class StoreKey {
// 测评相关数据
static readonly PHQ9_SCORE: string =   'phq9_score'
static readonly GAD7_SCORE: string =   'gad7_score'
static readonly TEST_LEVEL: string =   'test_level'
static readonly TEST_DESC: string =   'test_desc'

// 应用基础配置
static readonly FIRST_ENTER: string =   'first_enter'
static readonly SOUND_SWITCH: string   = 'sound_switch'
   }

arkts

   /**
* 全局Preferences轻量化存储工具
* 心晴驿站上架正式版本
* 统一封装、异常兜底、隐私可控、支持批量清空
*/
   import preferences from '@ohos.data.preferences'
   import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common'

   // 存储实例名称
   const STORE_NAME: string = 'xinqing_store'
   let dataPreferences: preferences.Preferences | null = null

   /**
* 初始化存储实例
*/
   export async function initPreferences(context: common.UIAbilityContext) {
try {
dataPreferences = await   preferences.getPreferences(context, STORE_NAME)
} catch (err) {
console.error('存储初始化失败：', JSON.stringify(err))
}
   }

   /**
* 存储数据
* @param key 存储键名
* @param value 存储值
*/
   export async function setStoreData(key: string, value: preferences.ValueType)   {
if (!dataPreferences) return
try {
await dataPreferences.put(key,   value)
await dataPreferences.flush()
} catch (err) {
console.error('数据存储失败：', JSON.stringify(err))
}
   }

   /**
* 获取存储数据
* @param key 存储键名
* @param defaultValue 默认值
* @returns 对应存储值
*/
   export async function getStoreData<T>(key: string, defaultValue: T):   Promise<T> {
if (!dataPreferences) return   defaultValue
try {
return await   dataPreferences.get(key, defaultValue) as T
} catch (err) {
console.error('数据读取失败：', JSON.stringify(err))
return defaultValue
}
   }

   /**
* 删除单条存储数据
* @param key 存储键名
*/
   export async function deleteStoreData(key: string) {
if (!dataPreferences) return
try {
await dataPreferences.delete(key)
await dataPreferences.flush()
} catch (err) {
console.error('数据删除失败：', JSON.stringify(err))
}
   }

   /**
* 一键清空所有存储数据（隐私合规核心能力）
*/
   export async function clearAllStoreData() {
if (!dataPreferences) return
try {
await dataPreferences.clear()
await dataPreferences.flush()
} catch (err) {
console.error('清空存储失败：', JSON.stringify(err))
}
   }

arkts

   /**
* EntryAbility 全局初始化存储
*/
   import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility'
   import hilog from '@ohos.hilog'
   import type AbilityConstant from '@ohos.app.ability.AbilityConstant'
   import type Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want'
   import { initPreferences } from '../utils/store_utils'

   export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
onCreate(want: Want, launchParam:   AbilityConstant.LaunchParam) {
// 全局初始化本地存储
initPreferences(this.context)
hilog.info(0x0000, 'STORE_INIT', '心晴驿站本地存储初始化完成')
}
   }

arkts

   import { setStoreData } from '../utils/store_utils'
   import StoreKey from '../constant/store_key'

   // 保存测评结果
   async function saveTestResult(score: number, level: string, desc: string) {
await   setStoreData(StoreKey.PHQ9_SCORE, score)
await   setStoreData(StoreKey.TEST_LEVEL, level)
await   setStoreData(StoreKey.TEST_DESC, desc)
   }

arkts

   import { getStoreData } from '../utils/store_utils'
   import StoreKey from '../constant/store_key'

   // 获取历史测评数据
   async function getTestRecord() {
const score = await   getStoreData<number>(StoreKey.PHQ9_SCORE, 0)
const level = await   getStoreData<string>(StoreKey.TEST_LEVEL, '暂无测评记录')
const desc = await   getStoreData<string>(StoreKey.TEST_DESC, '暂无描述')
return { score, level, desc }
   }

arkts

   import { clearAllStoreData } from '../utils/store_utils'

   // 一键清空所有本地数据
   async function clearAllUserPrivateData() {
await clearAllStoreData()
   }