鸿蒙开发中的所有生命周期详解

onCreate() → onWindowStageCreate() → onForeground()

onNewWant() → onForeground()

// EntryAbility.etsimport { AbilityConstant, UIAbility, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {  // 1. 首次创建时触发（仅一次）  onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {    hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'UIAbility onCreate');    // 执行全局初始化：数据库、网络请求框架、全局配置等  }  // 2. WindowStage创建完成后触发（仅一次）  onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {    hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'UIAbility onWindowStageCreate');    // 加载主页面    windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index', (err, data) => {      if (err.code) {        hilog.error(0x0000, 'testTag', 'Failed to load content');        return;      }    });    // 订阅窗口事件    windowStage.on('windowStageEvent', (data) => {      // 处理窗口获焦/失焦、可见/不可见等事件    });  }  // 3. 切换到前台时触发（每次）  onForeground(): void {    hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'UIAbility onForeground');    // 刷新UI数据、恢复动画、重新连接网络等  }  // 4. 切换到后台时触发（每次）  onBackground(): void {    hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'UIAbility onBackground');    // 暂停动画、释放临时资源、保存状态等  }  // 5. WindowStage销毁时触发（仅一次）  onWindowStageDestroy(): void {    hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'UIAbility onWindowStageDestroy');    // 释放窗口相关资源  }  // 6. 实例销毁时触发（仅一次）  onDestroy(): void {    hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'UIAbility onDestroy');    // 保存最终数据、释放所有资源  }  // 7. 热启动时触发（已存在实例再次被启动）  onNewWant(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {    hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'UIAbility onNewWant');    // 处理新的跳转参数  }}

onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {  // 订阅窗口阶段事件  windowStage.on('windowStageEvent', (eventData: window.WindowStageEventType) => {    switch (eventData) {      case window.WindowStageEventType.SHOWN:        console.info('窗口已显示');        break;      case window.WindowStageEventType.RESUMED:        console.info('窗口已恢复（可交互）');        break;      case window.WindowStageEventType.PAUSED:        console.info('窗口已暂停（不可交互）');        break;      case window.WindowStageEventType.HIDDEN:        console.info('窗口已隐藏');        break;    }  });}

// MyAbilityStage.etsimport { AbilityStage, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';export default class MyAbilityStage extends AbilityStage {  // 在加载第一个UIAbility之前执行  onCreate(): void {    console.info('AbilityStage onCreate');    // 执行模块级的初始化：如依赖注入、全局单例创建等  }  onAcceptWant(want: Want): string {    console.info('AbilityStage onAcceptWant');    // 返回指定的UIAbility实例标识    return 'specifiedAbility';  }  onConfigurationUpdated(config: Configuration): void {    console.info('AbilityStage onConfigurationUpdated');    // 处理系统配置变化（如语言、主题切换）  }  onMemoryLevel(level: AbilityConstant.MemoryLevel): void {    console.info(`AbilityStage onMemoryLevel: ${level}`);    // 内存不足时释放缓存资源  }}

@Entry@Componentstruct HomePage {  @State message: string = '首页';  // 页面每次显示时触发  onPageShow(): void {    console.info('页面显示');    // 刷新实时数据、验证用户会话等  }  // 页面每次隐藏时触发  onPageHide(): void {    console.info('页面隐藏');    // 暂停数据推送、保存未完成表单等  }  // 用户点击返回时触发  onBackPress(): boolean {    console.info('用户点击返回');    // return true 表示拦截返回，false 表示默认路由返回    return false;  }  build() {    Column() {      Text(this.message).fontSize(24)    }  }}

@Componentstruct ChildComponent {  @State count: number = 0;  // 组件创建后、build前执行（仅一次）  aboutToAppear(): void {    console.info('子组件即将出现');    // 初始化数据、启动定时器等  }  // build执行完毕后执行  onDidBuild(): void {    console.info('子组件构建完成');    // 埋点上报、非UI操作等  }  // 组件销毁前执行  aboutToDisappear(): void {    console.info('子组件即将销毁');    // ⚠️ 禁止在此修改状态变量（特别是@Link）[reference:44]    // 取消定时器、解绑事件监听  }  build() {    Column() {      Text(`计数: ${this.count}`)      Button('增加').onClick(() => this.count++)    }  }}

// LifecycleManager.etsimport { AbilityConstant, UIAbility, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';// 生命周期事件类型export enum LifecycleEvent {  // UIAbility级  ABILITY_CREATE = 'ABILITY_CREATE',  ABILITY_FOREGROUND = 'ABILITY_FOREGROUND',  ABILITY_BACKGROUND = 'ABILITY_BACKGROUND',  ABILITY_DESTROY = 'ABILITY_DESTROY',  WINDOW_STAGE_CREATE = 'WINDOW_STAGE_CREATE',  WINDOW_STAGE_DESTROY = 'WINDOW_STAGE_DESTROY',  NEW_WANT = 'NEW_WANT',  // 页面级  PAGE_SHOW = 'PAGE_SHOW',  PAGE_HIDE = 'PAGE_HIDE',  PAGE_BACK_PRESS = 'PAGE_BACK_PRESS',  // 组件级  COMPONENT_APPEAR = 'COMPONENT_APPEAR',  COMPONENT_DID_BUILD = 'COMPONENT_DID_BUILD',  COMPONENT_DISAPPEAR = 'COMPONENT_DISAPPEAR',}// 生命周期事件监听器类型export type LifecycleListener = (event: LifecycleEvent, data?: object) => void;// 生命周期管理器（单例）export class LifecycleManager {  private static instance: LifecycleManager;  private listeners: Map<LifecycleEvent, LifecycleListener[]> = new Map();  private constructor() {}  public static getInstance(): LifecycleManager {    if (!LifecycleManager.instance) {      LifecycleManager.instance = new LifecycleManager();    }    return LifecycleManager.instance;  }  // 注册监听器  public on(event: LifecycleEvent, listener: LifecycleListener): void {    if (!this.listeners.has(event)) {      this.listeners.set(event, []);    }    this.listeners.get(event)!.push(listener);  }  // 移除监听器  public off(event: LifecycleEvent, listener: LifecycleListener): void {    const listeners = this.listeners.get(event);    if (listeners) {      const index = listeners.indexOf(listener);      if (index !== -1) {        listeners.splice(index, 1);      }    }  }  // 触发事件  public emit(event: LifecycleEvent, data?: object): void {    const listeners = this.listeners.get(event);    if (listeners) {      listeners.forEach(listener => {        try {          listener(event, data);        } catch (error) {          hilog.error(0x0000, 'LifecycleManager', `监听器执行异常: ${error}`);        }      });    }  }}// 生命周期感知基类（UIAbility扩展）export abstract class LifecycleAwareAbility extends UIAbility {  private lifecycleManager = LifecycleManager.getInstance();  onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {    this.lifecycleManager.emit(LifecycleEvent.ABILITY_CREATE, { want, launchParam });    this.onAbilityCreate(want, launchParam);  }  onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {    this.lifecycleManager.emit(LifecycleEvent.WINDOW_STAGE_CREATE, { windowStage });    this.onWindowStageReady(windowStage);  }  onForeground(): void {    this.lifecycleManager.emit(LifecycleEvent.ABILITY_FOREGROUND);    this.onAbilityForeground();  }  onBackground(): void {    this.lifecycleManager.emit(LifecycleEvent.ABILITY_BACKGROUND);    this.onAbilityBackground();  }  onWindowStageDestroy(): void {    this.lifecycleManager.emit(LifecycleEvent.WINDOW_STAGE_DESTROY);    this.onWindowStageDestroyed();  }  onDestroy(): void {    this.lifecycleManager.emit(LifecycleEvent.ABILITY_DESTROY);    this.onAbilityDestroy();  }  onNewWant(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {    this.lifecycleManager.emit(LifecycleEvent.NEW_WANT, { want, launchParam });    this.onNewWantReceived(want, launchParam);  }  // 子类需要实现的方法  protected abstract onAbilityCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void;  protected abstract onWindowStageReady(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void;  protected abstract onAbilityForeground(): void;  protected abstract onAbilityBackground(): void;  protected abstract onWindowStageDestroyed(): void;  protected abstract onAbilityDestroy(): void;  protected abstract onNewWantReceived(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void;}// 页面生命周期混入（供页面组件使用）export function withPageLifecycle(component: any): void {  const originalAboutToAppear = component.aboutToAppear;  const originalOnPageShow = component.onPageShow;  const originalOnPageHide = component.onPageHide;  const originalAboutToDisappear = component.aboutToDisappear;  const manager = LifecycleManager.getInstance();  component.aboutToAppear = function(...args: any[]) {    manager.emit(LifecycleEvent.COMPONENT_APPEAR, { component: this });    if (originalAboutToAppear) {      originalAboutToAppear.apply(this, args);    }  };  component.onPageShow = function(...args: any[]) {    manager.emit(LifecycleEvent.PAGE_SHOW, { component: this });    if (originalOnPageShow) {      originalOnPageShow.apply(this, args);    }  };  component.onPageHide = function(...args: any[]) {    manager.emit(LifecycleEvent.PAGE_HIDE, { component: this });    if (originalOnPageHide) {      originalOnPageHide.apply(this, args);    }  };  component.aboutToDisappear = function(...args: any[]) {    manager.emit(LifecycleEvent.COMPONENT_DISAPPEAR, { component: this });    if (originalAboutToDisappear) {      originalAboutToDisappear.apply(this, args);    }  };}

// EntryAbility.etsimport { LifecycleAwareAbility } from '../utils/LifecycleManager';export default class EntryAbility extends LifecycleAwareAbility {  protectedonAbilityCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {    console.info('自定义创建逻辑');  }  protectedonWindowStageReady(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {    windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index');  }  protectedonAbilityForeground(): void {    console.info('应用进入前台');  }  protectedonAbilityBackground(): void {    console.info('应用进入后台');  }  protectedonWindowStageDestroyed(): void {    console.info('窗口销毁');  }  protectedonAbilityDestroy(): void {    console.info('应用销毁');  }  protectedonNewWantReceived(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {    console.info('热启动收到新Want');  }}

// HomePage.etsimport { LifecycleManager, LifecycleEvent } from '../utils/LifecycleManager';@Entry@Componentstruct HomePage {  aboutToAppear(): void {    // 注册生命周期监听    LifecycleManager.getInstance().on(LifecycleEvent.PAGE_SHOW, (event, data) => {      console.info('通过管理器监听到页面显示');      // 执行数据刷新等操作    });  }  aboutToDisappear(): void {    // 清理监听器（根据需要）  }  build() {    Column() {      Text('首页')    }  }}

// 在页面组件定义后调用import { withPageLifecycle } from '../utils/LifecycleManager';@Entry@Componentstruct MyPage {  // ... 组件定义}// 混入生命周期管理withPageLifecycle(MyPage);